16) Gut Microbiota Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

DELGADO, M.A.; FOCHESATO, A. ; JUNCOS, L.I.; GARGIULO, P.A.

Psychiatry and Neurosciences. From Episthemology to Clinical Psychiatry. Volume IV. Gargiulo, P.A. and Mesones, H.L. (Editors).

Springer-Nature Switzerland AG

Lugar: Cham ; Año: 2021; p. 613 - 622

16) Gut Microbiota Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Delgado, María Andrea; Fochesato, Adriana; Juncos, Luis Isaías; Gargiulo, Pascual Ángel. In: Gargiulo, Pascual Ángel; Mesones Arroyo, Humberto Luis (Editors). Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update From Epistemology to Clinical Psychiatry. Vol. IV. Chapter 43. Pp. 613-622. ISBN 978-3-030-61720-2 ISBN 978-3-030-61721-9 (eBook). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61721-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.- In Chap. 43, the group integrated by Lic. María Andrea Delgado, Lic. Adriana Fochesato, Prof. Dr. Luis Isaías Juncos, and Prof. Dr. Pascual Ángel Gargiulo develops the theme of gut microbiota biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). ASDs are considered here as a complex neurodevelopmental group of disorders characterized by impairments in social and cognitive functions. The etiology is not clear, but it is thought that they are caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. ASD patients present frequently comorbid medical conditions like gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Relevant evidences allow to sustain the importance of the ?gut-brain axis? in the pathogenesis of ASDs. Interestingly GI disorders are correlated with severity of the brain disorder. Gut microbiota produces metabolic products that may influence brain function and the correlative behavior using diverse humoral mechanisms. The importance of considering these mechanisms and their consequences in the clinical picture is highlighted in this chapter, opening possibilities for the diagnosis and control of these clinical entities.AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social and cognitive functions. Although the exact etiology of ASDs remains unclear, it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. ASDs patients often show comorbid medical conditions, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. An increasing number of evidences points to the importance of the ?gut-brain axis? in the pathogenesis of ASDs, and interestingly GI disorders have a strong correlation with the severity of brain disorder. Neuroinflammation has been described as a consequence of an increased GI permeability caused by intestinal inflammation. The gut microbiota is a diverse community of microorganisms living in the GI tract. Several studies have reported compositional differences in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and microbial metabolites in patients with ASDs and GI disorders. The gut microbiota and its metabolic products may influence several aspects of brain function and behavior through a variety of neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic mechanisms. Metabolomics profiles are widely used for quantitative assessments of metabolites of biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, neuroactive molecules as well as biomarkers closed linked to the microbiota. Therefore, metabolomics is a useful tool for the detection of biochemical mechanisms influenced by gut microbiota that provides a unique insight to characterize individual phenotypes in ASD patients. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders. Gut-Brain Axis. Gut Microbiota. Dysbiosis. Metabolomics.