Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Cancer Biomarkers Biosensors

MARCELA C. RODRÍGUEZ; SOLEDAD BOLLO DRAGNIC; DAIANA F. REARTES, GUSTAVO A. RIVAS; PABLO DALMASSO; PABLO GALLAY, MICHAEL LÓPEZ MUJICA, ANTONELLA MONTEMERLO, FABRIZIO PERRACHIONE; MARÍA D. RUBIANES, GUSTAVO A. RIVAS; LUIS A. TAMBORELLI, VIRGINIA VASCHETTI

The Detection of Biomarkers. Past, Present, and the Future Prospects.

Academic Press/Elsevier

Año: 2022; p. 225 - 253

This chapter discussed the most representative electrochemical biosensors for the quantification of four typical cancer biomarkers based on carbon nanostructures reported between 2015 and 2020, with a critical analysis of the biorecognition platform and the transduction scheme proposed in the different architectures. The use of carbon nanostructures for the development of electrochemical biosensors undoubtedly represents a before and after due to their unique properties mainly connected with their large surface area, high electrocatalytic activity and the presence of functional groups that made possible their successful application not only to enhance the analytical signal but also, and even more important, to efficiently support the biorecognition elements and/or the bioconjugates and/ or the tags used for the amplification event.The increasing importance of the biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy efficiency in different kinds of cancers have put in evidence the urgent need for extremely sensitive, selective, robust and capable of mass-production biosensors adapted for POC measurements, since the future of the clinical biosensing goes in this direction. Therefore, the selection of biorecognition elements robust enough to allow long-periods storage and capability to work under different conditions, is one important challenge for next-generation biosensors. In this sense, in addition to the advantages that immunosensors have demonstrated along the last decades, aptamers and MIPs appeared as very interesting alternatives. The other important aspect to be considered is the sensitivity required for these biosensors in order to detect the extremely low concentrations of cancer biomarkers. In this direction, the rational design of new amplification protocols with lower number of steps and reagents, simplifying as much as possible the biosensing transduction scheme to ensure a fast, analytically efficient and friendly biosensor.