Grape-seed derived procyanidins normalize adiponectinemia on high-fat diet induced obesity

GEMMA MONTAGUT; XIMENA TERRA; ISABEL M. QUESADA; MARIO BUSTOS; SABINA DÍAZ; DAVID PAJUELO; HELENA QUESADA; ISABEL BAIGES; NIURKA LLOPIZ; GERARD PUJADAS; MAYTE BLAY; CINTA BLADÉ; M. JOSEPA SALVADÓ; JUAN FERNÁNDEZ-LARREA; LLUÍS AROLA; ANNA ARDÈVOL

Paris

Congreso; Nutrigenomics 2008; 2008

Obesity is one of the main problems in industrialized societies and adipose tissue is a key target tissue of this disease. We have previously showed that grape-seed derived procyanidins (GSPE) limit adipocyte formation by altering the gene expression profile during in vitro adipocyte differentiation (1).  A posterior work in Wistar rats showed that an acute dose of GSPE given orally decreased epididymal mRNA levels of early adipocyte markers such as PPARG2, C/EBPalpha and Pref-1 but did not affect late adipocyte markers such as HSL. Similar results were found after a daily intake of 5 mg of GSPE for 30 days in the fa/fa Zucker rats (2). Now we go further in the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of GSPE in preventing adipose tissue formation. We had run two types of studies, a preventive one and a corrective one. In the first one, we did two different approaches, both of them of 19 week lasting: a) Zucker Fa/fa males feed a moderate high fat diet (31.8% fat) simultaneously to 6.5 mg of GSPE/animal; b) Wistar females feed a 45% fat diet plus a daily intake of 7 mg of GSPE/animal or a 60% fat diet plus 11 mg od GSPE/day animal. In the corrective model, Wistar female rats were induced to a highly significative obesity by cafeteria diet during 13 weeks. Afterwards, rats received 2 doses of GSPE (10 or 20 mg/day * animal) during 10 or 30 days. We found that GSPE only prevented weight increase significantly in the Zucker study and, in the Wistar one, only at the dose of 11 mg/day simultaneously to a 60% fat in diet. These effects were scarcely reproduced by thier respective changes on adipose tissue and leptin plasma levels. Differently, adiponectin plasma levels were clearly modified by diet fat in most of treatments and the GSPE normalized it in Zucker preventive study and in almost all corrective models. Only the lower dose of the shorter treatments was unable of counteracting the effects of the cafeteria diet. Some of the effects found in plasma reflect changes on mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue. Then, as a main conclusions of this work: Nutritional doses of GSPE can prevent fat diet induced body weight increase but it seems that there is a narrow margin of effectiveness, i.e., GSPE was only effective in some moderate fat intakes. GSPE was most effective preventing and correcting adiponectin plasma levels than leptin. (1)   Pinent, M.; Blade, M.C.et al. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2005, 29, 934-941. (2)   Montagut,G. et al. Genes and Nutrition 2007,2,101-103