BIOSYNTHESIS IN ALFALFA-Sinorhizobium SYMBIOTICINTERACTION”

AYUB ND ; SOTO GC ; ASURMENDI S; PAGANO EM; ARDILA F; RIOS RD

San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina

Congreso; SAIB; 2009

Sociedad Argentina de Investigacion en bioquimica

We are interested in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) - Sinorhizobium interaction, specifically those aspects concerning recognition and nodule organogenesis. Early recognition in this symbiotic process depends of root exudates containing flavonoids and isoprenoids. The first step of isoprenoid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a thiolase II (EC 2.3.19). We have identified and cloned three alfalfa thiolase II genes and showed their root-specific expression. In addition, thiolase activity of two of them was experimentally demonstrated by using bacteria as heterologous expression system. We understand that this is the first report of root-specific thiolase II genes as well as of a functional validation of a plant thiolase II activity. Other aspect of the symbiotic interaction is the plant response leading to nodule formation. Medicago truncatula DMI3 gene codifies for a Ca2+–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. isoprenoids. The first step of isoprenoid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a thiolase II (EC 2.3.19). We have identified and cloned three alfalfa thiolase II genes and showed their root-specific expression. In addition, thiolase activity of two of them was experimentally demonstrated by using bacteria as heterologous expression system. We understand that this is the first report of root-specific thiolase II genes as well as of a functional validation of a plant thiolase II activity. Other aspect of the symbiotic interaction is the plant response leading to nodule formation. Medicago truncatula DMI3 gene codifies for a Ca2+–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. isoprenoids. The first step of isoprenoid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a thiolase II (EC 2.3.19). We have identified and cloned three alfalfa thiolase II genes and showed their root-specific expression. In addition, thiolase activity of two of them was experimentally demonstrated by using bacteria as heterologous expression system. We understand that this is the first report of root-specific thiolase II genes as well as of a functional validation of a plant thiolase II activity. Other aspect of the symbiotic interaction is the plant response leading to nodule formation. Medicago truncatula DMI3 gene codifies for a Ca2+–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. and nodule organogenesis. Early recognition in this symbiotic process depends of root exudates containing flavonoids and isoprenoids. The first step of isoprenoid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a thiolase II (EC 2.3.19). We have identified and cloned three alfalfa thiolase II genes and showed their root-specific expression. In addition, thiolase activity of two of them was experimentally demonstrated by using bacteria as heterologous expression system. We understand that this is the first report of root-specific thiolase II genes as well as of a functional validation of a plant thiolase II activity. Other aspect of the symbiotic interaction is the plant response leading to nodule formation. Medicago truncatula DMI3 gene codifies for a Ca2+–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for the symbiotic process. We have identified and cloned its alfalfa ortholog gene (MsDMI3) that could be essential for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. for the transduction of the Ca2+ signal induced by the perception of Sinorhizobium Nod factors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and leaves. These two complementary research approaches are aimed to contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. contribute to the understanding of nitrogen fixation in crop species. indicated that MsDMI3 transcripts are expressed in roots and l