Empleo de marcadores moleculares e historia de especies: ejemplos de Europa, Noráfrica y Sudamérica

NACIRI Y., CAETANO S., PRADO D.E., PENNINGTON T., JEANMONOD D., GAUDEUL M., SPICHIGER R

Rosario

Simposio; XXX Jornadas Argentinas de Botánica; 2005

Sociedad Argentina de Botánica

The analysis of molecular markers, using the coalescence theory, allows to reconstruct the genealogical history of genes, for both alleles (nuclear loci) and haplotypes (mitochondrial/chloroplast loci) to establish their most recent common ancestor (MRCA). Coalescence theory is sister to molecular phylogenetics but considers population genetic features (e.g.: population/species demographic history). For example, the phylogeography of the endangered Eryngium alpinum (Apiaceae) was studied for conservation but led to question the species post-glacial recolonization. The phylogeography of Silene patula (Caryophyllaceae) and its sister species of the S. italica complex allowed to understand past migration routes of the ancestral species to colonize Northern Africa from SW Europe. In South America, two seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) trees are studied to reconstruct their history, Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae) and Geoffroea spinosa (Fabaceae), using chloroplast spacers and nuclear microsatellites markers. The use of markers from different genomes allows studying the seed and pollen migration and dispersal abilities, and gives insights into the species life history traits. The preliminary results are contrasted to the hypothesis about past climatic changes during the Quaternary and their influence on the SDTF distribution.