Exploring the Role of Vault RNAs in Cellular Stress Responses

GIMENEZ, MACARENA; PETERS, TOMAS; BOCCACCIO, GRACIELA L; FERNÁNDEZ ALVAREZ, ANA JULIA

Rosario

Congreso; Congreso SAIB 2023 Reunion anula Edición LIX; 2023

SAIB

Non-coding RNAs constitute a diverse family of molecules present in eukaryotes.Among them, Vault RNAs, a highly conserved subclass, warrant special attention.Despite being discovered over three decades ago, the molecular functions of VaultRNAs remain an enigma. Initially identified as components of the Vault particle, which isa ribonucleoprotein linked to transport across the nuclear envelope, the vast majority ofVault RNAs (~95%) are not part of the Vault particle and are involved in various cellularprocesses, including the activation of RIG-I, a key player in the interferon response. Thehuman genome includes four Vault RNAs on the same chromosome at two differentloci, all under the control of type 2 polymerase III-promoters. Vault RNAs usually have ashort half-life, approximately 1 hour, making them candidates for rapid cellularresponses. Recent research has revealed their involvement in autophagy and aprominent role in the antiviral response. During viral infections, such as those causedby influenza, herpes, or Epstein-Barr viruses, a significant increase in Vault RNA 1-3levels is observed. We investigated changes in Vault expression levels and half-life inresponse to acute cellular stress modeled in cultured HEK and A549 cells treated withsodium arsenite, and we found a moderate increase in their level. This work sheds lighton the mysterious Vault RNAs, suggesting that they may be involved in the connectionbetween the cellular stress response and innate immunity.