Identifying the genomic basis of the ecological transition to life out of sea in mollusks

ARÍSTIDE, LEANDRO; FERNÁNDEZ, ROSA

Praga

Congreso; Congreso de la Sociedad Europea de Biología Evolutiva; 2022

Sociedad Europea de Biología Evolutiva

Theexpansion of the ecological niche of animals out of marine environmentsconstitutes one of the most dramatic ecological and evolutionary events inEarth´s history. Noticeably, this transition occurred repeatedly across numerousanimal lineages, providing the opportunity to study the genomic underpinningsof such convergent adaptive processes. Here we performed a comparative genomicanalysis of the Mollusca radiation, a highly diverse group of invertebrates, toexplore lineage-specific genomic changes associated with transitions to life innon-marine environments. To do so, we de novo assembled high-qualitytranscriptomic and genomic data from 107 species, encompassing all majormolluscan clades (i.e. orders) and several evolutionary independent transitionsout of marine environments. We identified and reconstructed the evolutionarydynamics of gene families along the phylogeny of the phylum, and estimated genegain and loss rates across these gene families. We identified several genefamilies with significantly elevated rates of change in size in lineages wheretransitions to life out of the sea have occurred. Moreover, through selectionanalyses, we further identified genes with footprints of positive selectionassociated with this ecological transition. Finally, we explored putativefunctions of these genetic elements through Gene Ontology enrichment analyses. Herewe present, explore and discuss the potential functional and adaptivesignificance of these findings. Our results set the road towards understandingthe genomic underpinnings of transitions out of marine environments at a deeperlevel.Theexpansion of the ecological niche of animals out of marine environmentsconstitutes one of the most dramatic ecological and evolutionary events inEarth´s history. Noticeably, this transition occurred repeatedly across numerousanimal lineages, providing the opportunity to study the genomic underpinningsof such convergent adaptive processes. Here we performed a comparative genomicanalysis of the Mollusca radiation, a highly diverse group of invertebrates, toexplore lineage-specific genomic changes associated with transitions to life innon-marine environments. To do so, we de novo assembled high-qualitytranscriptomic and genomic data from 107 species, encompassing all majormolluscan clades (i.e. orders) and several evolutionary independent transitionsout of marine environments. We identified and reconstructed the evolutionarydynamics of gene families along the phylogeny of the phylum, and estimated genegain and loss rates across these gene families. We identified several genefamilies with significantly elevated rates of change in size in lineages wheretransitions to life out of the sea have occurred. Moreover, through selectionanalyses, we further identified genes with footprints of positive selectionassociated with this ecological transition. Finally, we explored putativefunctions of these genetic elements through Gene Ontology enrichment analyses. Herewe present, explore and discuss the potential functional and adaptivesignificance of these findings. 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