Early Life Experience: Maternal separation, effects on GABA and Glutamate Transportes

GABRIELA B. ACOSTA

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters - From Basic Science to Clinical Translation

InTech - open science | open minds

Lugar: Croatia; Año: 2018; p. 9 - 23

The physiological response initiates with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune organization whosefunctional intermediaries are glucocorticoids (GC), catecholamines, and cytokines, correspondingly.All actions promoted cellular adaptive changes in cells and tissues thatprotect the body and promote their survival. Diverse protocols of maternal separation(MS) in rodents presented alterations in the functioning of the central nervous system(CNS) such as learning disabilities, voluntary alcohol intake, and behavioral changes.It is believed that the properties of these early life procedures are mediated by thehigh plasticity of the developing CNS. During influenced critical stage, brain regions,mainly those related to aggressive conditions, can have advancement abnormalitiesoccasionally irreversible and thus adjust emotional processing when they grow to beadults. Early postnatal period and relationship between mother and infant give theimpression in the development and an essential of normal stress response and emotionalbehavior. The principal systems for the long-term results of environmental stressearly in life are not identified. Probably, it involves the activation of intracellular signalingpathways, genome adaptations, adjusts in gene expression, and neural action.The neural modifies underlying the persistent effects of early separation of life andstress in rodents remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of this article is to overviewon the current state of knowledge in the field focusing on maternal separation model,early life experience of postnatal stress, and the involvement of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and glutamate transporters.