ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION BY POLLUTANTS AND EFFECTS ON PROGENY

RODRIGUEZ, ENRIQUE; MEDESANI, DANIEL; LOPEZ GRECO, LAURA

Neohelice granulata, a Model Species for Studies on Crustaceans

Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Lugar: Cambridge; Año: 2020; p. 337 - 353

As mentioned in Chapter 10, hormonally-regulated functions ofcrustaceans have been reviewed during the last years by several authors.Main endocrine-regulated processes of crustaceans involve moulting,reproduction, glycemia levels, and pigment migration, among others.Several pollutants, such as pesticides, alkylphenols, polychlorinatedbiphenyls, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, can interfere with theseprocesses, therefore acting as endocrine-disrupting compounds (ECDs) oncrustaceans, as reviewed by several authors (LeBlanc 2007, Rodríguez etal. 2007, deFur et al. 1999).The hyperglycemic crustacean hormone (CHH) belongs to a highlydiversified family of peptide hormones, secreted by the sinus gland at theeyestalks (Nagaraju 2011, Fingerman 1997). This hormone has beenconsidered as the ?stress hormone? of crustaceans (Chang et al. 1999). In 338 Chapter Sixteensome cases, a hyperglycemic response has been observed followingexposure to cadmium (Reddy et al. 2009), but an eventual inhibition of theCHH synthesis has also been reported (Reddy et al. 1996). Hyperglycemiacaused by heavy metals in shrimps also showed dependence on both thetime of exposure and concentration (Lorenzon et al. 2000).An inhibition of moulting by several estrogenic compounds, as well asby testosterone, antiandrogens, antiestrogens, and some pesticides, hasbeen reported in daphnids and copepods (LeBlanc 2007, Andersen et al.2001, Zou and Fingerman 1997). Besides, evidence about a possibleantagonism of these compounds with the transductional pathway ofecdysone at target tissues has been provided (Mu and LeBlanc 2002a).Juvenoid compounds, such as methoprene and JHIII have also inhibitedmoulting, perhaps interfering with the stimulating effect of the juvenoidhormone methyl farnesoate (Olmstead and LeBlanc 2001).Regarding reproduction, several estrogenic compounds, both naturaland synthetic, as well as some juvenoids and ecdysteroids, have shown toexert an abnormal stimulation on several aspects of crustaceanreproduction. Observed effects were mainly the abnormal development ofsecondary sexual characters in both sexes, and a shift to all-female or allmale broods. These effects were observed in daphnids (Dodson et al. 1999,Olmstead and LeBlanc 2000), copepods (Andersen et al. 1999), andamphipods (Brown et al. 1999, Watts et al. 2002).