CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

The change in the age structure of the population (Chesnais and Schkolnik, 1990) and the aftermath of the demographic transition process (Lee and Reher, 2011), has been a fact that occurred and continues to occur with greater intensity in Argentina relative to other countries of Latin America (except for Uruguay) (CELADE, 2011) and the rest of the Global South in general. In this regard, in addition to its high degree of relative economic development, Argentina?s population behavior is also often associated with the world´s most developed countries.From a socio-demographic point of view, the process of demographic transition made possible radical social and economic changes, whose future consequences remain unknown. As a direct connection in the process of advanced transition, the demographic system of Argentina shows, for at least the last quarter of the twentieth century, a high reproductive efficiency (Livi-Bacci, 2007: 98; MacInnes and Pérez Diaz, 2008; Reher, 2011: 17-20): in a context of virtually zero net migration, the steady decline in fertility is offset by higher levels of life expectancy at birth (LEB or e0) thereby maintaining an atypical population growth in the context of Latin America and the Global South.In the future, it is expected that LEB will continue to increase (with debate still open as to its final level, see Rofman 2007 and Grushka 2010). Continuing recent trends regarding migration, but mainly to the decline in fertility, the Argentina population is characterized by an aging age structure. Transformations produced from these changes offer an entirely different landscape for the next decades of the century from that observed in the past.How long can these increasing levels of LEB be sustained? What were the levels in the past, what are they now, and what will they be in the future? What are the implications of these changes on the aging process that is taking place?

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