Viral hepatitis update

PISANO MARIA BELEN; GIADANS C; FLICHMAN D; RE VIVIANA; MARIA VICTORIA PRECIADO; VALVA P

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

W J G PRESS

Lugar: Beijing; Año: 2021

1007-9327

Viral hepatitis, due to liver infection with hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses, are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years, there are still points of conflict concerning pathogenesis, the immune response, the development of new and more effective vaccines, therapies, and treatments improvement, etc. This review focuses on currently most important research topics dealing with issues that are now being solved, those that remain to be solved, and future research directions that can maximize practical impact in the field of viral hepatitis. Therefore, for HAV we will address the epidemiology, molecular surveillance, the new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections. In the case of HBV, we discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine. About HCV, the main topics are pathogenesis, immune response, direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation and related to hepatocellular carcinoma development, DAA resistance due to selection of viral mutants (RAVs, resistance-associated variants) and vaccination. Regarding HDV, we work on diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. Finally, for HEV, we will address the epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, the development of a vaccine and environmental surveillance.