Perfiles de transición epidemiológica- -nutricional y carga de morbi-mortalidad por COVID-19 en Argentina: un estudio ecológico

SCRUZZI, GRACIELA FABIANA; TUMAS, NATALIA; POU, SONIA ALEJANDRA

CADERNOS DE SAúDE PúBLICA

CADERNOS SAUDE PUBLICA

Lugar: Rio de Janeiro; Año: 2021 p. 1 - 14

0102-311X

The study aimed to identify epidemiological nutritional profiles in Argentina and to compare the burden of morbimortality from COVID-19. A multigroup ecological study was conducted with 24 geographic units in Argentina. We estimated the percent change from 2005 to 2018 in indicatorsof the epidemiological-nutritional transition and sociodemographic indicators according to geographic unit. We performed principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to identify geographic groupings to define profiles in the epidemiological-nutritional transition. By group, we calculated summary measures of COVID-19 cumulative incidence (CI), mortality, and case fatality (epidemiological week 50), establishing comparisons via Student?s t test. Three profiles were identified: (1) reemergence of infectious diseases, (2) persistence of cardiovascular diseases despite social, health, and lifestyle improvements, and (3) consolidation of the triad obesity-sedentarismcardiometabolic diseases. Mean COVID-19 cumulative incidence and mortality were higher in provinces with profile 1 compared to profile 2 (CI: p = 0.0159; mortality: p = 0.0187) and profile 3 (CI: p = 0.0205). Case-fatality was higher in profile 3, which includes provinces with moreunfavorable socioeconomic conditions, showing significant differences from profile 2 (p=0.0307).In conclusion, there are distinct epidemiological nutritional profiles in Argentina which tend to differ in terms of their COVID-19 epidemiological situation. Strategies to fight COVID-19 shouldconsider the underlying epidemiological, nutritional, and sociodemographic characteristics.