Diverse cellular origins of adult blood vascular endothelial cells

AQUINO JB; SIERRA R; MONTALDO LA

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2021 p. 117 - 132

0012-1606

During embryonic stages, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) originate from the mesoderm, at specificextraembryonic and embryonic regions, through a process called vasculogenesis. In the adult, ECrenewal/replacement mostly depend on local resident ECs or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).Nevertheless, contribution from circulating ECs/EPCs was also reported. In addition, cells lackingfrom EC/EPC markers with in vitro extended plasticity were shown to originate endothelial-likecells (ELCs). Most of these cells consist of mesenchymal stromal progenitors, which wouldeventually get mobilized from the bone marrow after injury. Based on that, current knowledge ondifferent mouse and human bone marrow stromal cell (BM-SC) subpopulations, able to contributewith mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), is herein reviewed. Such analyses underline anunexpected heterogeneity among sinusoidal LepR+ stromal/CAR cells. For instance, in a recentreport a subgroup of LepR+ stromal/CAR progenitors, which express GLAST and is traced inWnt1Cre;R26RTom mice, was found to contribute with ELCs in vivo. These GLAST+ Wnt1+ BMSCswere shown to get mobilized to the peripheral blood and to contribute with liver regeneration.Other sources of ELCs, such as adipose, neural and dental pulp tissues, were also published.Finally, mechanisms likely involved in the enhanced cellular plasticity properties of bonemarrow/adipose tissue stromal cells, able to originate ELCs, are assessed. In the future, strategiesto analyze the in vivo expression profile of stromal cells, with MSC properties, in combinationwith screening of active genomic regions at the single cell-level, during early postnataldevelopment and/or after injury, will likely help understanding properties of these ELC sources.