A New Cage-Like Particle Adjuvant Enhances Protection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine

BIDART, JUAN; KORNUTA, CLAUDIA; GAMMELLA, MARIELA; GNAZZO, VICTORIA; SORIA, IVANA; LANGELLOTTI, CECILIA; MONGINI, CLAUDIA; GALARZA, ROXANA; CALVINHO, LUIS; LUPI, GIULIANA; QUATTROCCHI, VALERIA; MARCIPAR, IVAN; ZAMORANO, PATRICIA

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)

Año: 2020 vol. 7

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease that causes importanteconomy losses. Vaccines with new low-cost adjuvants that stimulate protectiveimmune responses are needed and can be assayed in a mouse model to predicttheir effectiveness in cattle. Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA), also known ascage-like particle adjuvant, consisting of lipid boxes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine,cholesterol, sterylamine, alpha-tocopherol, and QuilA saponin, was shown to enhanceprotection of a recombinant vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi in a mouse model. Thus,in the present work, we studied the effects on the magnitude and type of immunity elicitedin mice and cattle in response to a vaccine based on inactivated FMD virus (iFMDV)formulated with ISPA. It was demonstrated that iFMDV?ISPA induced protection in miceagainst challenge and elicited a specific antibody response in sera, characterized bya balanced Th1/Th2 profile. In cattle, the antibody titers reached corresponded to anexpected percentage of protection (EPP) higher than 80%. EPP calculates the probabilitythat livestock would be protected against a 10,000 bovine infectious doses challengeafter vaccination. Moreover, in comparison with the non-adjuvanted iFMDV vaccine,iFMDV?ISPA elicited an increased specific T-cell response against the virus, includinghigher interferon gamma (IFNγ)+/CD8+ lymphocyte production in cattle. In this work, wereport for first time that an inactivated FMDV serotype A vaccine adjuvanted with ISPA iscapable of inducing protection against challenge in a murine model and of improving thespecific immune responses against the virus in cattle.