GENETIC BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES AGAINST Fusarium graminearum

ENRIQUE JAVIER ALBRIONE; LEONEL MAXIMILIANO ORTEGA; ANDREA LUCIANA ASTORECA; NICOLÁS SALINES; TERESA MARÍA ALCONADA

AGROCIENCIA

COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS

Lugar: Montecillo; Año: 2016 vol. 50 p. 335 - 346

1405-3195

Fusarium graminearum ?the principal Fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agent in Argentine wheat? diminishes yields, reduces grain quality and end-use, and liberates mycotoxins. The aim of this manuscript was to identify new sources of resistance to FHB in Argentine wheat cultivars and lines for comparion with known resistant international cultivars. We thus evaluated the behavior against F. graminearum indicative of resistance to wheat-spike penetration by FHB (type-I resistance) in Triticum aestivum. The assays were performed under field conditions in Marcos Juárez (62° 6? 7? W, 32° 41? 39? S; 116 m altitude), Córdoba province, Argentina, during spring 2010, with moisture controlled by a microsprinkler system. We distributed 210 wheat varieties with spikes inoculated by hand-spraying on a hill plot as the experimental unit using randomized complete blocks as the statistical design that were planted and inoculated in duplicate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and the Fisher-LSD test (p ≤0.05)) for comparing the mean values of incidence and severity among treatments. Resistance was evaluated through pathometric criteria and yields. The F. graminearum isolate´s high infectivity enabled disease evaluation for all wheat varieties. All variables except incidence were statistically different among the Argentine wheat cultivars, whereas only the thousand-grain weight differed significantly in the international cultivars. Of the 92 advanced wheat-line genotypes of three different growth cycles, 57% were moderately resistant and 40% moderately susceptible to infection. FHB resistance evaluated in all cultivars and domestic- and international-genotype lines identified varieties of five different disease-resistance levels. Knowledge of the genetic behavior could contribute to new crosses to generate varieties with improved resistance against FHB.