Trichothecene genotypes, chemotypes and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum species complex strains causing Fusarium head blight in Argentina during an epidemic and non-epidemic season

YERKOVICH, NADIA; PALAZZINI, JUAN MANUEL; SULYOK, MICHAEL; CHULZE, SOFÍA NOEMÍ

Tropical Plant Pathology

Springer

Año: 2017 vol. 42 p. 190 - 196

Members of Fusarium graminearum species com-plex are the main pathogens associated with Fusarium headblight (FHB) in wheat in Argentina, which produce trichothe-cene mycotoxins that are found in wheat grain and by-prod-ucts. The aim of this study was to determine the chemotypeand trichothecene genotypes of Fusarium graminearum spe-cies complex strains isolated from wheat in Argentina duringan epidemic and a non-epidemic harvest season. A total of 115and 108 strains obtained from wheat during 2012/13 and2014/15 harvest seasons, respectively, were identified as be-longing to the Fusarium graminearum species complex. PCRassays were used to differentiate the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) andnivalenol (NIV) genotypes. The trichothecene type Bchemotype, zearalenone, and NX-2 toxin profiles were deter-mined based on chromatographic (LC-MS/MS) analysis.Differences in the genotype frequency were due to the targetlocus analyzed and year of isolation of the strain. The mostcommon genotype and chemotype was 15-ADON in bothseasons, but an increasing frequency of the 3-ADONchemotype was found in the non-epidemic season(2014/15). The strains were able to produce zearalenone andits masked derivatives, but not the type A trichothecene NX-2.This is the first report of the production of zearalenone and itsmodified mycotoxins by Fusarium graminearum speciescomplex strains isolated from Argentina.