Life Cycle and Host Specificity of the Parasitoid Conura annulifera (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a Potential Biological Control Agent of Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Gal apagos Islands

BULGARELLA , M.; QUIROGA, M.; RAMIREZ, I.; MOON, R.; HEIMPEL, G.; BOULTRON, B; CAUSTON, C.

ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGYCAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER

Lugar: Lanham; Año: 2017 p. 1 - 12

0013-8746

The neotropical parasitoid Conura annulifera (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is known to parasitize birdparasitic *ies in the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) including P. downsi (Dodge and Aitken), a species that has invaded the Gal apagos islands and is negatively impacting populations of Darwin?s *nches. We report here some aspects of the life history, *eld ecology, and host specificity of C. annulifera. We collected puparia of four Philornis species in 13 bird nests during 2015 and 2016 in western mainland Ecuador and found that C. annulifera and three other parasitoid species emerged from those puparia. This is the *rst record of C. annulifera in Ecuador. Rearing records and dissections of parasitized puparia revealed that C. annulifera is a solitary pupal ectoparasitoid, placing its eggs in the gap between host pupa and puparium. Laboratory studies of host specificity involving P. downsi and pupae from *ve other dipteran, three lepidopteran, and one hymenopteran species found that C. annulifera only produced progeny when presented with P. downsi pupae. Pupae of P. downsi that had been exposed to C. annulifera also failed to emerge more often than expected by chance compared with no-parasitoid controls, suggesting that the parasitoids can cause developmental mortality through means other than successful parasitism. These studies constitute the *rst steps in evaluating C. annulifera as a potential biological control agent of P. downsi in the Galápagos Islands.