Cationization of polysaccharides; a path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications

HÉCTOR J. PRADO; MARÍA C. MATULEWICZ

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2014 vol. 52 p. 53 - 75

0014-3057

Cationic polysaccharides are widely used in diverse areas such as water treatment,papermaking, chemical, food, cosmetic, petroleum industries, etc. The combination of cationic polysaccharides with anionic polymers can lead to interpolyelectrolyte complexes with hydrogel-like structures further expanding the application of the former.The aim of the present review is to fill a gap on the literature about cationization reactions of different polysaccharides and to offer a systematic and up-to-date analysis on the subject. Polysaccharides such as starch, dextran, cellulose and its derivatives, hemicellulose, pectin, chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides among others are considered. Cationized polysaccharides can be prepared by reaction with various reagents. The mainfocus is on the substitution with dialkylamino hydroxypropyl and trialkylammonium hydroxypropyl ethers, being that the most common modifications involves the introduction of the 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl group by reaction of the polysaccharide with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in an alkaline solution. An alternative to this method involves generation of the reagent in situ from 3-chloro-2-droxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. In addition, polysaccharides substituted with other type of cationic groups and amphoteric derivatives are presented. Different methods of analysis, toxicological studies and applications of the modified polymers are also included.