Bioanalytical separation and preconcentration using ionic liquids

LETICIA B. ESCUDERO; ALEXANDER CASTRO GRIJALBA; ESTEFANIA MARTINIS; RODOLFO WUILLOUD

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

Lugar: HEIDELBERG; Año: 2013 p. 7597 - 7613

1618-2642

Ionic liquids (ILs) are non-molecular solvents, which display a number of unique properties such as negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability even at high temperatures, favorable viscosity and miscibility with water and organic solvents. These properties make them attractive alternatives to replace environmentally-unfriendly solvents producing volatile organic compounds. In this article, a critical review of state-of-the-art developments using ILs for separation and preconcentration of bioanalytes in biological samples is presented. Special attention is paid to determination of several organic and inorganic analytes, including not only contaminants (e.g. pesticides, nicotine, opioids, gold, arsenic, lead, etc.) but also functional biomolecules (e.g. testosterone, vitamin B12, hemoglobin) in urine, blood, saliva, hair, and nail samples. A brief introduction of modern microextraction techniques based on ILs such us dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single drop microextraction (SDME) is provided. A comparison of IL-based methods in terms of the limit of detection and environmental compatibility is also discussed.