Comparison of traditional wild plant knowledge between aboriginal communities inhabiting arid andf orest environments in Patagonia, Argentina

ANA LADIO; MARIANA LOZADA; MARIANA WEIGANDT

JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS

Elsevier

Año: 2007 p. 695 - 715

0140-1963

The Mapuche people have a deeply rooted tradition of wild plant use for their subsistence. In thisstudy we evaluated whether plant selection by the Mapuche is influenced by environmental constraints.Selection patterns of wild plant richness were compared in two Mapuche communities sharing the same traditions and beliefs but inhabiting different environments. Similarities and differences in the use patterns of wild medicinal and edible plants were quantitatively analyzed by using concepts derived from ecological theory. The Cayulef community is settled in the NW Patagonian (herbaceous) steppe while the Curruhuinca community is established near the Andean temperate forest, 100 km away from each other. Free-listing and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 families in Cayulef and39 in Curruhuinca corresponding to 80% and 40% of each population, respectively. Data wereanalyzed by means of the Jaccard similarity index and statistical tests. The main results of this study showed that the home environment is a determinant factor that influences which plant species are utilized, as is the anthropic environment (with its high exotic species richness) in each community.However, similar patterns were found with respect to plant families, ways of utilization, plant parts and life forms utilized irrespective of where the communities are settled. In addition, in both populations, wild plant richness was significantly higher for medicinal than for edible species. Our results showed that the use of wild plants is primarily based on the utilization of species belonging to the nearest ecological environments that have both therapeutic and dietary functions.