INVESTIGADORES
AÑON Maria Cristina
artículos
Título:
Influence of the operating conditions on acid degumming process in sunflower seed oil
Autor/es:
PAN, L.G; NOLI, A; CAMPANA, A; BARRERA, M.A; TOMÁS. M.C; AÑÓN, M.C
Revista:
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY (JAOCS)
Editorial:
SPRINGER
Referencias:
Año: 2001 vol. 78 p. 553 - 554
ISSN:
0003-021X
Resumen:
In a recent paper (1) we studied the kinetic extraction of
phospholipids present in crude sunflower oils, such as phosphatidylcholine
(PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol
(PI), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic
acid (PA), for monitoring the efficiency of the degumming
process under conditions used by the oil industry. We
have now extended this study, investigating the effect of different
variables related mainly to the acid refining step (type
and concentration of degumming agents, temperature and
contact time), in accordance with technological requirements.
Diverse degumming agents [phosphoric acid, citric acid, and
acid mixtures (phosphoric/citric acids, 50:50), all used in a
2.5% ratio (degumming agent/oil) at a concentration of 8, 10,
and 13%], temperatures (60, 70, and 80°C), contact times
(535 min with moderate agitation) were used. With the
methodology described in Reference 1, the high-performance
liquid chromatographyevaporative light scattering detection
profiles and the residual phosphorus content were determined,
applying the statistical analysis of data (2). The residual total
phospholipid content in supernatant oils degummed at
60°C/0% measured the least at 35 min for citric and phosphoric
acid and at 25 min for the acid mixture (P < 0.05). At
70°C/10%, citric acid exhibited a notable superiority as a
degumming agent, with the lowest total phospholipid content
at 25 min (P < 0.05); similar results were obtained at 35 min
for the acid mixture and for phosphoric acid. The lowest remaining
phospholipid content was observed at 35 (acid mixture)
and 15 min (citric and phosphoric acid) at 80°C/10%. In
the phosphoric acid treatment, the residual content was
greater (P < 0.05) than with the other agents assayed (Fig. 1).
For the acid mixture, at 60 and 70°C and 10% degumming
agent we registered a rapid elimination of the remnant content
of PC, PA, and PS, followed by PI. PE was the most difficult
compound to remove. At 80°C, a rapid decrease in the
contents of PC, PA and PI was detected; PE was extracted
more slowly (data not shown).
The effect of degumming agent at 8%, 70°C presented the
least efficient treatment in the case of phosphoric acid; citric
acid and the acid mixture were more effective (Fig. 2A). PE,
PI, and PS were the most difficult compounds to remove. Figure
2B shows the differential behavior for the treatment with
phosphoric acid.
At 13%, lowest total phospholipid content was achieved at
25 min for citric acid and for acid mixture; equivalent levels
in 15 min with phosphoric acid (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.(60, 70, and 80°C), contact times
(535 min with moderate agitation) were used. With the
methodology described in Reference 1, the high-performance
liquid chromatographyevaporative light scattering detection
profiles and the residual phosphorus content were determined,
applying the statistical analysis of data (2). The residual total
phospholipid content in supernatant oils degummed at
60°C/0% measured the least at 35 min for citric and phosphoric
acid and at 25 min for the acid mixture (P < 0.05). At
70°C/10%, citric acid exhibited a notable superiority as a
degumming agent, with the lowest total phospholipid content
at 25 min (P < 0.05); similar results were obtained at 35 min
for the acid mixture and for phosphoric acid. The lowest remaining
phospholipid content was observed at 35 (acid mixture)
and 15 min (citric and phosphoric acid) at 80°C/10%. In
the phosphoric acid treatment, the residual content was
greater (P < 0.05) than with the other agents assayed (Fig. 1).
For the acid mixture, at 60 and 70°C and 10% degumming
agent we registered a rapid elimination of the remnant content
of PC, PA, and PS, followed by PI. PE was the most difficult
compound to remove. At 80°C, a rapid decrease in the
contents of PC, PA and PI was detected; PE was extracted
more slowly (data not shown).
The effect of degumming agent at 8%, 70°C presented the
least efficient treatment in the case of phosphoric acid; citric
acid and the acid mixture were more effective (Fig. 2A). PE,
PI, and PS were the most difficult compounds to remove. Figure
2B shows the differential behavior for the treatment with
phosphoric acid.
At 13%, lowest total phospholipid content was achieved at
25 min for citric acid and for acid mixture; equivalent levels
in 15 min with phosphoric acid (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.P < 0.05). At
70°C/10%, citric acid exhibited a notable superiority as a
degumming agent, with the lowest total phospholipid content
at 25 min (P < 0.05); similar results were obtained at 35 min
for the acid mixture and for phosphoric acid. The lowest remaining
phospholipid content was observed at 35 (acid mixture)
and 15 min (citric and phosphoric acid) at 80°C/10%. In
the phosphoric acid treatment, the residual content was
greater (P < 0.05) than with the other agents assayed (Fig. 1).
For the acid mixture, at 60 and 70°C and 10% degumming
agent we registered a rapid elimination of the remnant content
of PC, PA, and PS, followed by PI. PE was the most difficult
compound to remove. At 80°C, a rapid decrease in the
contents of PC, PA and PI was detected; PE was extracted
more slowly (data not shown).
The effect of degumming agent at 8%, 70°C presented the
least efficient treatment in the case of phosphoric acid; citric
acid and the acid mixture were more effective (Fig. 2A). PE,
PI, and PS were the most difficult compounds to remove. Figure
2B shows the differential behavior for the treatment with
phosphoric acid.
At 13%, lowest total phospholipid content was achieved at
25 min for citric acid and for acid mixture; equivalent levels
in 15 min with phosphoric acid (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.P < 0.05); similar results were obtained at 35 min
for the acid mixture and for phosphoric acid. The lowest remaining
phospholipid content was observed at 35 (acid mixture)
and 15 min (citric and phosphoric acid) at 80°C/10%. In
the phosphoric acid treatment, the residual content was
greater (P < 0.05) than with the other agents assayed (Fig. 1).
For the acid mixture, at 60 and 70°C and 10% degumming
agent we registered a rapid elimination of the remnant content
of PC, PA, and PS, followed by PI. PE was the most difficult
compound to remove. At 80°C, a rapid decrease in the
contents of PC, PA and PI was detected; PE was extracted
more slowly (data not shown).
The effect of degumming agent at 8%, 70°C presented the
least efficient treatment in the case of phosphoric acid; citric
acid and the acid mixture were more effective (Fig. 2A). PE,
PI, and PS were the most difficult compounds to remove. Figure
2B shows the differential behavior for the treatment with
phosphoric acid.
At 13%, lowest total phospholipid content was achieved at
25 min for citric acid and for acid mixture; equivalent levels
in 15 min with phosphoric acid (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.P < 0.05) than with the other agents assayed (Fig. 1).
For the acid mixture, at 60 and 70°C and 10% degumming
agent we registered a rapid elimination of the remnant content
of PC, PA, and PS, followed by PI. PE was the most difficult
compound to remove. At 80°C, a rapid decrease in the
contents of PC, PA and PI was detected; PE was extracted
more slowly (data not shown).
The effect of degumming agent at 8%, 70°C presented the
least efficient treatment in the case of phosphoric acid; citric
acid and the acid mixture were more effective (Fig. 2A). PE,
PI, and PS were the most difficult compounds to remove. Figure
2B shows the differential behavior for the treatment with
phosphoric acid.
At 13%, lowest total phospholipid content was achieved at
25 min for citric acid and for acid mixture; equivalent levels
in 15 min with phosphoric acid (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.P < 0.05) (Fig. 3A). Also, we
registered the lowest remnant amount of PE at 25 min, followed
by PI and PS (Fig. 3B). For citric acid, in all cases, the
evolution of total phospholipid content was in agreement with
the residual phosphorous content profiles.
Copyright © 2001 by AOCS Press 553 JAOCS, Vol. 78, no. 5 (2001)
Paper no.