A short review on the preparation and use of iron nanomaterials for the treatment of pollutants in water and soil

LITTER, MARTA IRENE

Emergent materials

Springer

Año: 2022

2522-5731

Iron-based nanomaterials are increasingly used in environmental applications. Different types of iron-based nanomaterials,namely, zerovalent iron nanoparticles, nanoparticles of iron oxides, and nanoparticles prepared from iron salts and naturalextracts by green procedures, are briefly indicated in this short review, together with their preparation, characterization, andapplications in the treatment of pollutants in water and soils, with emphasis on the works performed in the last 10 years.The present short review will focus on the preparation and recent advancements (last 10 years) in the application of ironbasednanoparticles on the removal of pollutants in water (mainly) and soils. In terms of preparation, top-down proceduressuch as mechanical milling, nanolithography, laser ablation, sputtering, and thermal decomposition and bottom-up methodssuch as chemical synthesis, sol?gel, spinning, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pyrolysis, and biosynthesis are indicatedfor nanoparticle production. The most commonly used nanomaterials are inorganic nanoparticles based on metal and metaloxides and, among them, iron-based materials have been widely used on the removal of pollutants in water. Among pollutants,halogenated organics; nitroaromatics; pesticides; dyes; antibiotics; halogenated aromatics; phenolic compounds; PCBs;inorganic anions such as nitrate and heavy metals and metalloids (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Ag); radioisotopesof Ba, TcO4,and U; and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria have been successfully treated.In some cases, iron-based nanoparticles have been combined with H2O2in Fenton processes. The advantages of using thesematerials and the need for their improvement to extend their deployment are remarked.