A novel and sustainable pipette-tip solid-phase microextraction testing of six carbon-based nanomaterials as proof of concept for the determination of sixteen emerging pollutants from active veterinary principles

TEGLIA, CARLA M.; GUIÑEZ, MARÍA E.; CERUTTI, SOLEDAD; GUTIERREZ, FABIANA; GOICOECHEA, HÉCTOR C.

Green Analytical Chemistry

Elsevier

Año: 2023 vol. 5

2772-5774

A new and optimized solid-phase microextraction method using pipette tips is proposedas a proof of concept for the extraction of sixteen veterinary drugs: antimicrobials(trimethoprim, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole), external antiparasitics (thiamethoxam,clothianidin, imidacloprid, fipronil, clorpyrifos, lufenuron, and permethrin), internalantiparasitics (fenbendazole and albendazole), anti-inflammatories (prednisolone, diclofenac,and betamethasone), and an anticoccidial (robenidine). In this context, the device has beenchallenged by many analytes with very different structural and physicochemical properties,which presents a major difficulty in the simultaneous extraction of different APs. To this end,six carbon-based nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphite,graphene oxide (GO), electrochemically expanded graphene (GEQE), electrochemicallyreduced graphene (ERGO), and commercial and synthetic graphene oxide) were evaluatedpacking sorbent in the extraction column. Several NMs (GEQE and ERGO) were used for thefirst time as sorbents in microextractions and were fabricated, synthesized, and characterizedin the laboratory. Simple materials available in any laboratory were used to fabricate thedevices, showing the simplicity, ease of preparation, and low cost of the proposed device.Optimization of the microextraction device (pipette tip) was performed using chemometrictools (design of experiments and reaction surface methodology) to obtain the sorbent massand pH to improve retention rates.