Lignocellulosic residues as supports for enzyme immobilization, and biocatalysts with potential applications

ERIK FRANCISCO NÁJERA-MARTÍNEZ; ELDA M. MELCHOR-MARTÍNEZ; JUAN EDUARDO SOSA HERNÁNDEZ ; LAURA NOEMÍ LEVIN ; ROBERTO PARRA-SALDIVAR; HAFIZ M.N. IQBAL

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2022 vol. 208 p. 748 - 759

0141-8130

Growing demand of agricultural production means a higher quantity of residues produced.The reuse and recycling of agro-industrial wastes reduces the worldwide greenhouse emissions. New opportunities are derived from this kind of residuals in the biotechnological field generating valuable products in growing sectors such as transportation, bioenergy, food and feedstock. The use of wastes has been pointing toward the biocatalysts due to their advantages over free enzymes and friendliness with the environment. Enzyme immobilization improves enzyme properties (stability and reusability) and three types of supports are discussed: inorganic, organic and hybrid. Several examples of agro-industrial wastes such as coconut wastes, rice husks, corn residues and brewers spent grains (BSG), their properties and potential as supports for enzyme immobilization are described in this work. Before the immobilization biological and non-biological pretreatments could be performed to enhance the waste potential as a carrier. Additionally, immobilization methods such as covalent binding, adsorption, cross-linking and entrapment are compared to provide high efficiency. Enzymes and biocatalysts for industrial applications offer advantages overtraditional chemical processes with respect to sustainability and process efficiency in food, energy and bioremediation fields. The wastes reviewed in this work demonstrated high affinity for lipases and laccases, and might be used in biodiesel production and textile wastewater treatment among other applications.