Peridomestic distribution of Triatoma garciabesi and Triatoma guasayana in north-west Argentina

CANALE MD; CECERE MC; CHUIT R; GURTLER RE

MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY

Año: 2000 vol. 14 p. 383 - 390

0269-283X

The Reduviid bugs Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo et al. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), previously known as T. sordida StaÊhl in the semi-arid chaco region, and T. guasayana Wygodzinsky & Abalos, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), were found to occupy wide but different ranges of ecotopes in the peridomestic environment. At Amama and nearby rural villages in north-western Argentina, a combined total of 1233 specimens were collected from 325/2314 (14%) sites surveyed at 6-monthly intervals from November 1994 to November 1996. Triatoma garciabesi and T. guasayana displayed a signi®cantly different distribution among peridomestic ecotopes. Triatoma garciabesi predominated over T. guasayana in the prevalence of infested sites, the number of colonies and the number of bugs collected. For T. garciabesi, the predominant ecotopes most likely to yield T. garciabesi repeatedly were the rugged bark of Prosopis alba or P. nigra (Fabaceae) trees, where chickens roosted, and chicken coops. For T. guasayana the main ecotopes were goat or sheep corrals, piled materials and orchard fences. Triatoma garciabesi and T. guasayana were collected concurrently from the same site on 9/2314 (0.4%) occasions, and on different dates at the same site on 12 (0.5%) occasions. The observed low frequency of mixed populations (< 1%) was not signi®cantly different from that expected from a hypothesis of independence. Triatoma garciabesi clearly outnumbered T. guasayana in four of the nine mixed populations, none of which persisted as such. Neither T. garciabesi nor T. guasayana colonized human habitations, even in the absence of T. infestans (formerly the predominant domestic vector of T. cruzi in this area), a situation that apparently has not changed in the last 50 years in northern Argentina.Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo et al. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), previously known as T. sordida StaÊhl in the semi-arid chaco region, and T. guasayana Wygodzinsky & Abalos, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), were found to occupy wide but different ranges of ecotopes in the peridomestic environment. At Amama and nearby rural villages in north-western Argentina, a combined total of 1233 specimens were collected from 325/2314 (14%) sites surveyed at 6-monthly intervals from November 1994 to November 1996. Triatoma garciabesi and T. guasayana displayed a signi®cantly different distribution among peridomestic ecotopes. Triatoma garciabesi predominated over T. guasayana in the prevalence of infested sites, the number of colonies and the number of bugs collected. For T. garciabesi, the predominant ecotopes most likely to yield T. garciabesi repeatedly were the rugged bark of Prosopis alba or P. nigra (Fabaceae) trees, where chickens roosted, and chicken coops. For T. guasayana the main ecotopes were goat or sheep corrals, piled materials and orchard fences. Triatoma garciabesi and T. guasayana were collected concurrently from the same site on 9/2314 (0.4%) occasions, and on different dates at the same site on 12 (0.5%) occasions. The observed low frequency of mixed populations (< 1%) was not signi®cantly different from that expected from a hypothesis of independence. Triatoma garciabesi clearly outnumbered T. guasayana in four of the nine mixed populations, none of which persisted as such. Neither T. garciabesi nor T. guasayana colonized human habitations, even in the absence of T. infestans (formerly the predominant domestic vector of T. cruzi in this area), a situation that apparently has not changed in the last 50 years in northern Argentina. Key words. Triatoma garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. sordida, Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease, coexistence, segregation, vector control, Argentina.