INVESTIGADORES
MORILLA Maria Jose
capítulos de libros
Título:
Liposomal pH-sensitive nanomedicines in preclinical development
Autor/es:
MARIA JOSE MORILLA, EDER L ROMERO
Libro:
Nanobiotechnology 2: A global prospect
Editorial:
CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
Referencias:
Año: 2011; p. 366 - 388
Resumen:
In order to
increase the therapeutic efficacy of a drug or to reduce its toxicity,
biodistributionand intracellular traffic have to be changed, since the sole
modification of its pharmacokinetics is insufficient. Nanomedicines (nano-objects
loaded with small drugsor macromolecules) are powerful tools developed in the
framework of the applicationof nanotechnology to medicine that, functioning as
nano-drug delivery systems, are capable of modifying the pathway followed by
molecules. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and intracellular traffic of loaded
molecules no longer depend on their chemicalstructures but on the size, shape,
and chemical structure of the nano-object. Liposomes, for instance, are the
best known example of nano-objects, recently clasified as nanoparticules (with
their three dimensions in the nanoscale (<200?300 nm). Different from
conventional drug delivery systems, and depending on the biodegradability of
the nanoobject,nanomedicines can cross anatomical and phenomenological
barriers. They can be administered by parenteral, transcutaneous, or mucosal
vias, but changes in biodistribution can only be achieved upon parenteral
administration. An exclusive feature of nanomedicines is their uptake by
phagocytic or pynocitic mechanismsupon cell recognition. The structure of the
nanomedicine is responsible for its own recognitionby a given mechanism of
cellular uptake. Each uptake mechanism leads to well-defined intracellular
traffic mediated by vesicles, which ends up in different cellular compartments.
The control of biodistribution and kinetics of selective delivery into cell
compartmentsis the key to generate more efficient and less toxic therapeutic
effects. Tissue and cell targeting,as well as controlled intracellular traffic,
depend on the size and structure of thenano-object, which must be administered
parenterally.