Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges

NUÑEZ, MARTIN A.; CHIUFFO, MARIANA C.; TORRES, AGOSTINA; PAUL, THOMAS; DIMARCO, ROMINA D.; RAAL, PETER; POLICELLI, NAHUEL; MOYANO, JAIME; GARCIA, RAFAEL A.; VAN WILGEN, BRIAN W.; PAUCHARD, ANIBAL; RICHARDSON, DAVID M.

BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS

SPRINGER

Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2017 vol. 19 p. 3099 - 3120

1387-3547

Many species in the family Pinaceae are invaders. These species are relatively easy to control because of some of their intrinsic characteristics and because they are highly visible and easy to eliminate.Many Pinaceae species have been well studied because of their use in forestry and their invasivebehavior in many countries. The impacts of invasive Pinaceae are not only ecological, but also economic and social. We review the ecology and management of Pinaceae invasions and explore how restoration of invaded areas should be addressed. There are many ways to prevent invasions and to deal with them.Planting less invasive species, better site selection, and invasion monitoring are used successfully in different parts of the world to prevent invasion. Mechanical and chemical methods are used effectively to controlPinaceae invasions. Control is more effective at the early stages of invasion. Old invasions are more problematic as their elimination is more expensive,and the restoration of native vegetation is challenging. In some areas, native vegetation cannot thrive after Pinaceae have been removed, and weeds colonizecleared areas. More attention is needed to prevent the initiation and spread of invasions by focusing control