A Fraction Containing Kaempferol-3,4??-dimethylether from Larrea divaricata Cav. Induces Macrophage Activation on Mice Infected with Candida albicans

MARTINO, RENZO; CANALE, FERNANDO; SULSEN, VALERIA; ROSARIO ALONSO; DAVICINO RC; MATTAR A,; ANESINI C; MICALIZZI, B

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

Lugar: LOndres; Año: 2014 vol. 28 p. 917 - 924

0951-418X

Larrea divaricata Cav. is a plant growing in South America. Both the infusion and a derived fraction (F1) ofL. divaricata have proved to have immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, F1 can activate macrophagesobtained from mice infected with Candida albicans. In this work, F1 was administrated to infected animals,and the state and type of activation of resident macrophages were studied. Results showed that F1 was ableto activate macrophages obtained from infected mice by both classical and alternative pathways, probably byinducing a translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B. F1 increases not only the lysosomal activity of macrophagesbut also the production of phagosomal superoxide anion as a consequence of the activation of theNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) complex. F1 induced an increasein the macrophage capacity to kill the fungus, which was reflected in a decrease in the levels of colonizationof organs. A main flavonoid, kaempferol-3,4′-dimethylether, was identified in F1 by HPLC. This compoundincreased in vitro production of nitric oxide in heat-killed C. albicans-stimulated macrophages. The flavonoidcould thus be considered one of the responsible molecules mediating the overall effects of F1 on the immunesystem in infected animals