The Role of Immunobiotics and Postbiotics in the Recovery of Immune Cell Populations From Respiratory Mucosa of Malnourished Hosts: Effect on the Resistance Against Respiratory Infections

SALVA, SUSANA; KOLLING, YANINA; IVIR, MAXIMILIANO; GUTIÉRREZ, FLORENCIA; ALVAREZ, SUSANA

Frontiers in Nutrition

Frontiers Media S.A.

Año: 2021 vol. 8

Malnutrition is associated with a state of secondary immunodeficiency, which ischaracterized by a worsening of the immune response against infectious agents.Despite important advances in vaccines and antibiotic therapies, the respiratoryinfections are among the leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality, especiallyin immunosuppressed hosts. In this review, we examine the interactions betweenimmunobiotics-postbiotics and the immune cell populations of the respiratory mucosa. Inaddition, we discuss how this cross talk affects the maintenance of a normal generationof immune cells, that is crucial for the establishment of protective innate and adaptiveimmune responses. Particular attention will be given to the alterations in the developmentof phagocytic cells, T and B lymphocytes in bone marrow, spleen and thymus inimmunosuppression state by protein deprivation. Furthermore, we describe our researchthat demonstrated that the effectiveness of immunobiotics nasal administration inaccelerating the recovery of the respiratory immune response in malnourished hosts.Finally, we propose the peptidoglycan from the immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosusCRL1505 as the key cellular component for the effects on mucosal immunity, which areunique and cannot be extrapolated to other L. rhamnosus or probiotic strains. In thisway, we provide the scientific bases for its application as a mucosal adjuvant in healthplans, mainly aimed to improve the immune response of immunocompromised hosts.The search for safe vaccine adjuvants that increase their effectiveness at the mucosallevel is a problem of great scientific relevance today