MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ARGENTINEAN GRAPEVINE PHYLLOXERA, AGGRESSIVENESS REGARDING CLIMATE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE AND RED GRAPE CULTIVARS

C. ARANCIBIA; L. MARTÍNEZ; R. ALONSO; F. BUSCEMA; S. RIAZ; K. LUND; M. A. WALKER

Verona

Simposio; X SYMPOSIUM ON GRAPEVINE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY; 2016

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), is one of the most damaging grapevine pests widely distributed in most viticultural regions of the world. In the 1860?s, it devastated own rooted V. vinifera vineyards in Europe triggering a serious economic crisis, in some cases with demographic implications. Although it is present in Argentina, the pest has not caused a major damage, yet. This work aims to understand the Argentinean phylloxera genetic diversity, compare it with other countries and to analyze the association with some factors that influence its behavior. For that, 129 phylloxera samples were collected from different Argentinean provinces and their DNA was analyzed with microsatellite markers. The cluster analysis revealed two genetic groups for the Argentinean samples. The group 1, clustered samples from 2 provinces of Argentina and the Californian Biotype B, responsible for breaking the resistance of the AXR#1 rootstock. The group 2, clustered other samples from 3 provinces of Argentina. A third brunch from the tree, clustered the Californian Biotype A, Peruvian samples and French samples. The factorial analysis did not show similarity with samples from Uruguay, Brazil, Hungary, Austria and other samples from the USA. Contingency tables revealed that non anthocyanin V. Vinifera producers seem to be more susceptible to phylloxera than anthocyanin producers. The group 1 showed association to colder climates and these last to more intense aggressiveness. This is a pioneer study in Argentina which helps the understanding of the pest, given light to the development of management strategies in order to achieve the progress of the viticultural regions.