CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Archaeologicaland biological data from individuals interred in the cemetery at MisiónSalesiana (?Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria?) in Tierra del Fuego provideinsight into the social and population history of this region. The mission wasestablished in 1893 to Christianize the remaining Selknam, and the majority of burialsin the cemetery are about 100 years old. Oxygen isotope and mitochondrialgenome data were collected from individuals recovered during archaeologicalexcavations at the cemetery. Oxygen isotope data (n=10) from tooth enamel suggestthat most individuals buried in the cemetery are from the local region but oneindividual has a non-local signature. Mitochondrial genome sequences wererecovered from all 15 individuals tested, and C1b and D1g5 were the most commonlineages (47% and 17%, respectively). Two additional Native American lineages,D4h3a5 and C1c4 were found at lower frequencies (13% and 7%, respectively). Thislast lineage has not been previously reported in natives from Tierra del Fuegoand corresponds to the individual with a non-local oxygen isotope value. Surprisingly,one individual had haplotype H1c which most likely reflects the inclusion ofEuropean individuals in the cemetery. These data were compared with those frommodern samples from Argentina and Chile, including five newly generatedmitogenomes from northern Tierra del Fuego. Both, modern and ancient samplesshare the same mitochondrial clades, which are restricted to southern SouthAmerica. All C1b samples share two polymorphisms in the codingregion, which define a new southern Patagonian clade

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