Risk factors associated with the abundance of Nosema spp. in apiaries located in temperature and subtropicla conditions after honey harvest

PACCINI A; GIACOBINO A; MOLINERI A; BULACIO CAGNOLO N; AIGNASSE A; ZAGO L; MIRA A; IZAGUIRRE M; SCHNITTGER L; MERKE J; ORELLANO E; BERTOZZI B; PIETRONAVE H

JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH

INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC

Año: 2016

0021-8839

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are obligate parasites that develop within the honey bee gut reducing the life of their host. The role that they have in colony losses is not clear, and it remains to be elucidated how the geographical and seasonal variations influence pathogenicity of nosema. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the abundance of Nosema spp. spores in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical regions after honey harvest. A total of 361 colonies distributed in five eco-regions of Argentina were examined to evaluate the abundance of Nosemaspp. spores. Regions differed with regard to temperature, precipitation, and vegetation landscape. The abundance of Nosema spp. spores was significantly higher in temperate than in subtropical regions. A south-north gradient of Nosema spp. spore abundance was found, with the highest spore counts observed in South Santa Fe, continuously descending towards the northern regions of higher temperature. The observed gradient may be related to weather conditions and/or availability of floral resources in each eco-region. Also, colonies with >3% of Varroa destructor infestation showed the highest abundance of Nosema spp. spores. N. ceranae, N. apis, and co-infection were identified in 37.77, 26.66, and 35.55% of the studied colonies, respectively.