Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections during Pregnancy

SACERDOTI F; SCALISE ML; BURDET J; AMARAL MM; FRANCHI AM; IBARRA C

Microorganisms

Basel

Lugar: Basel; Año: 2018

2076-2607

Gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes diarrhea,hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia,thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The main virulence factor of STEC is Shiga toxin (Stx),which is responsible for HUS development. STEC can produce Stx type 1 and/or 2 (Stx1, Stx2)and their variants, Stx2 being more frequently associated with severe cases of HUS. This pathologyoccurs in 5?15% of cases with STEC infection when Stx gain access to the bloodstream and causesdamage in the target organs such as the kidney and brain. STEC infections affect mainly youngchildren, although the large HUS outbreak with a new Stx2-producing STEC O104:H4 in Europe in2011 involved more adults than children, and women were over-represented. Maternal infectionsduring pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies in rats showed that Stx2binds to the utero-placental unit and causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this article, we providea brief overview of Stx2 action on placental tissues and discuss whether they might cause pregnancyloss or preterm birth.