THE LAST RELICTS OF ESPINAL VEGETATION IN SUBTROPICAL CENTRAL ARGENTINA

JUAN PABLO LEWIS; SOL NOETINGER; DARIÉN E. PRADO; IGNACIO M. BARBERIS

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

SPRINGER

Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2009 vol. 18 p. 3615 - 3628

0960-3115

Until the beginning of the 20th century there were extensive subtropical forests of thorny trees and shrubs surrounding the Pampas grasslands of Argentina, known as the ´Espinal´. In the center-east of Córdoba province there still exist relicts of the Espinal, belonging to the ´Entrerrianense District´. These forests were never described or analyzed in detail. In 2004 we studied 10 randomly located plots of 50 × 2 m. All individuals and stems of woody species were counted and their diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured; individuals with less than 1 cm DBH were considered juveniles.We recorded 2300 woody individuals/ha corresponding to 12 species. The more constant species are the palm Trithrinax campestris (100%), Celtis tala (90%), Prosopis alba and Celtis pallida (both 50%). The plots are relatively homogeneous, but once classified with cluster analysis two groups are formed according to the relative abundance of C. tala and T. campestris; the latter species is more frequent in more open or fire-disturbed habitats. The results of Canonical Analysis of Principal coordinates (CAP) are in agreement with the classification. We postulate that the differences between both groups are caused by a differential degree of disturbance (probably caused by natural fires). Both dominantspecies show abundant juveniles, and the invasion by exotic woody species is limited. These forest relicts are the last remnants of the massive expansions of woodlands in central Argentina. Besides their historical value, an urgent call is made for their preservation, sustainable use and defence from biological invasion.