Genotoxic Effect of Complex Mixtures of Pesticide Formulations on Broad- snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) Exposed Under Controlled, Semi-natural and Environmental Conditions.

LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ EVELYN C.; SIROSKI PABLO A.; POLETTA GISELA L.

Santa Fe

Congreso; 25th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, Santa Fe, Argentina May 7th to 10th 2018; 2018

PROYECTO YACARE / IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group (CSG)

In world agricultural production pesticide formulations used for pest control are commonly applied in complex mixtures or ?cocktails?, in order to increase pesticide action and decrease costs of application, but the effects on non-target organisms could be really worst. In previous studies, we demonstrated genotoxic effects of the pesticides formulations mostly applied: the herbicide Glyphosate (GLY), along with several insecticides such as Endosulfan, Cypermethrin (CYP), and Chlorpyrifos (CPF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of binary and ternary complex mixtures of the commercial formulations of pesticides previously analyzed separately: CYP Atanor® (25% active ingredient: a.i.), CPF Lorsban 48E® (48% a.i.) and GLY Roundup® Full II (66.2% a.i.) on C. latirostris under controlled laboratory condition and semi-natural condition, as well as in environmental exposure in natural populations. We made the following experiments: 1) embryonic exposure under controlled conditions by spraying through incubation material; 2) in vivo exposure in yearlings: performed by semi-natural ex situ exposure through pesticide spraying; 3) finally, these results were compared with those observed in hatchlings from nests environmentally exposed during all incubation period in natural populations Biomarkers of genotoxicity evaluated were the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs): buds, notched nucleus (NN), binuclei erythrocytes (BiN), eccentric nuclei (EN), and total nuclear abnormalities (TNA), and also growth was considered in experimental conditions. Interactions between pesticides complex mixtures were considered as additive, synergistic or antagonistic. A significant increase in the FMN and BiN were observed in all experimental conditions tested compared to the control (p