Nanotechnology for the Obtention of Natural Origin Materials and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis Applied to Tissue Engineering

D'ELÍA NOELIA LAURA; SARTUQUI JAVIER; POSTEMSKY, PABLO; MESSINA, PAULA V.

Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Fundamentals, Developments and Applications

Springer Cham

Lugar: New York; Año: 2022; p. 1 - 29

It is undeniable the increasing and current need to develop not only green materials and products, but environmentally friendly and high-quality methods to synthesize them. In this sense, regarding the environmental impact, there is no need to enquire deeper into the advantages of the utilization of natural materials and methods for synthesis of devises in the biomedical field [1].Natural polymers are advantageous over synthetic ones because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility [2]. These natural compounds gain importance in tissue engineering due to their capability to induce surrounding tissue and cell ingrowth in the implant site or to serve as temporary scaffolds for cells transplantation [3]. Also, researchers are able to customize these biomaterials at the nanoscale in their physico-chemical aspect considering each specific condition required by each respective application[4].Particularly interesting is the case of fungi polysaccharides that are currently emerging raw materials for promising biomaterial development [5]. Thus, polysaccharides such as chitin, obtained from fungi, have attractive and versatile structures and they have been studied as the potential main compound in the development of scaffolds through a non-hazard extraction solvent technique to be utilized in tissue regeneration [6].On the other hand, the use of environmentally friendly synthesis methods avoids the disposal of solvents and toxic materials. In recent years, interest in the novel use of living organisms as “bio-factories" of nanomaterials has vastly increased [7]. This chapter provides an overview of natural nanomaterials applied in tissue engineering from a diversity of sources and eco-friendly strategies of synthesis.REFERENCES[1] M. Kouhi, M. P. Prabhakaran, and S. Ramakrishna, “Edible polymers: An insight into its application in food, biomedicine and cosmetics,” Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 103, no. May, pp. 248–263, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.025.[2] M. Gomes et al., “Natural Polymers in Tissue Engineering Applications,” in Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics: Properties, Processing and Applications, 2013, pp. 385–425.[3] A. Ali and S. Ahmed, “Recent Advances in Edible Polymer Based Hydrogels as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Polymers,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 66, no. 27, pp. 6940–6967, 2018, doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01052.[4] O. Olatunji, Natural polymers: industry techniques and applications. Springer, 2015.[5] A. M. Abdel-Mohsen et al., “Novel chitin/chitosan-glucan wound dressing: Isolation, characterization, antibacterial activity and wound healing properties,” Int. J. Pharm., vol. 510, no. 1, pp. 86–99, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.003.[6] A. M. Abdel-Mohsen et al., “Chitosan-glucan complex hollow fibers reinforced collagen wound dressing embedded with aloe vera. II. Multifunctional properties to promote cutaneous wound healing,” Int. J. Pharm., vol. 582, no. September 2019, p. 119349, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119349.[7] S. Iravani and R. S. Varma, “Biofactories: Engineered nanoparticles: Via genetically engineered organisms,” Green Chem., vol. 21, no. 17, pp. 4583–4603, 2019, doi: 10.1039/c9gc01759c.