Exosomal non-coding RNAs (Exo-ncRNAs) in cardiovascular health Article type

CAROLINA JAQUENOD DE GIUSTI; MANUELA SANTALLA; SAMARJIT DAS

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2019

0022-2828

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in understanding and targeting different diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Out of several categories of EVs, exosomes (smallest ? 30 to 200 nm) are gaining most of the focus in this next generation of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This is because exosomes can be differentiated from the other types of EVs based on the expression of tetraspanin (CD9, CD63, and CD81) molecule on the surface. More importantly, exosomes can be traced back to the cell of origin by identifying the unique cellular marker(s) on the exosomal surface. Recently, we and others have demonstrated an important and underappreciated mechanism of paracrine cell-cell communication involving exosomal transfer, and its subsequent functional impact on recipient cells.Exosomes are enriched in proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, which can potentially protect the myocardium from different stresses. Additionally, early stages of tissue damage can also be assessed by measuring these bioactive molecules from the circulation. There are several aspects of this new concept still unknown. Therefore, in this review we have summarized the knowledge we have so far, and highlighted the potential of this novel concept of next generation biomarkers and therapeutic intervention