Laboratory Evaluations of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry Essential Oil Against Varroa destructor

MAGGI M.; RUFFINENGO, S.; GENDE L.; SARLO E.; EGUARAS M.; BAILAC P.; PONZI M.

JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH

Allured Publishing Company, USA

Año: 2010 vol. 22 p. 119 - 122

1041-2905

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:"@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:"@SimSun"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> The oil obtained by hydrodistllation of the floral botom ofSyzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eugenol was the main constituent in the oil (86.7%). The biological activity of the oil applied to Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera was evaluated in two laboratory tests. Mite lethality was estimated using a complete exposure method test with the oil at different concentrations, and a systemic administration method of oil at different concentrations diluted in syrup was placed in feeders for bees. The LC50 for complete exposure method at 24 h was 0.59 µL/dish. The inferior and superior limits obtained were 0.47x10-6 µL/dish and 1.22 µL/dish, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease with respect to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection (LC50 of A. mellifera/LC50 of V. destructor) for complete exposure method was 26.46 and 13.35 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Regarding the systemic administration method, mites LC50 at 24 h was 12,300 ppm. The inferior and superior limits calculated were 9,214 ppm and 15,178 ppm, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease with respect to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection for systemic administration method was 3.05 and 2.22 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum oil was found to be an attractant for V. destructor at 4.8% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that oil toxicity against V. destructor differed depending on its administration. Nevertheless, the ratio selection calculated by this oil would enable its application under field conditions with a good safety margin. This oil could be used in combination with others in integrated pest management strategies in bee colonies.