Chemical from agricultural and industrial waste. Pyrolysis products from residues of palm oil industry

MELISA BERTERO; JUAN RAFAEL GARCÍA; MARISA FALCO; ULISES SEDRAN; KROIRUM NISA MAHMUD; SUZAMI JUNAIDAH ARIFFIN; ANI IDRIS; ZAINUL AKMAR ZAKARIA

Sustainable Technologies for Management of Agricultural Waste

Springer Nature

Lugar: Singapore; Año: 2018; p. 7 - 24

Palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunches, both raw (EFB R) and pre-treated by means of autoclaving (EFB A) and microwave (EFB M), were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor at 550 °C. The yield of the water-soluble liquid fraction (pyroligneous acid, PA) in the pyrolysis of PKS was 26 %wt. (dry basis), and in the range of 16-46 %wt. when different EFB were used. The yield of insoluble liquid fraction (bio-oil, BO) was 9.1 %wt. for PKS and up to 25 %wt. in the case of EFB. Liquid and gaseous products were analysed by conventional capillary gas chromatography. The PA from the PKS had 30 %wt. of total phenolic compounds (up to 24 %wt. phenol) and 46 %wt. acetic acid. On the other hand, the bio-oil from PKS had 43%wt. of total phenolic compounds (up to 26 %wt. phenol) and 17 %wt. acetic acid. El PA de EFB contenía principalmente ácido acético (65.5 %wt.), furfural (7.7 %wt.), metanol (8.0 %wt. ) y fenol (15.2 %wt.). Cuando el EFB fue pre-tratado, el contenido de ácido acetic en PA disminuyó drásticamente, mientras que el de furfural se incrementó hasta diez veces, siendo el efecto más significativo para el tratamiento asistido con microondas. The yields of by-products were of significance in all cases (13-23 %wt. of gases and 33-52 %wt. of char).These results show that the liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of palm oil industrial wastes could be used in order to obtain chemical raw materials of worldwide extended use, while the by-products (gases and char) can be used as renewable energy sources.