Economic importance of and control strategies for the major soybean diseases in Argentina

PLOPER, L.D.

Foz do Iguazu

Congreso; VII World Soybean Research Conference; 2004

EMBRAPA SOJA y World Soybean Research Conference Continuing Committee

Diseases are among the biotic factors that reduce soybean production in Argentina. Since the introduction of this crop in the country several decades ago, the number of infectious diseases has increased steadily, especially since the early 1990s.  Approximately 40 infectious diseases affect soybean in Argentina.  Severe epidemics occurred within the last 8 years (Sclerotinia stem rot in 1995/96 and 1997/98, stem canker in 1996/97 and 1997/98, frogeye leaf spot in 1999/2000, and charcoal rot in 2000/01 and 2002/03).  In addition, endemic diseases cause considerable losses every year.  At present, there is great concern because of the presence of soybean rust in the northeastern part of Argentina and in neighboring countries (Paraguay, Brazil, and Bolivia), where it has caused high yield losses.  Several factors have contributed to the increase in the number and severity of soybean diseases in Argentina including continued monocropping, no-tillage systems, susceptible cultivars, poor-quality seed, poor soils, and environmental conditions favorable for the development of most diseases.  Integrated management programs are recommended which combine cultural, chemical, and biological methods, with special attention to the economic aspects of crop production.  However, the implementation of these programs is still incomplete, and soybean production continues to suffer significant losses due to diseases, with the constant risk of the occurrence of new epidemics.