Effect of wear-corrosion of reduced graphene oxide functionalized with hyaluronic acid on inflammatory and proteomic response of J774A.1 macrophages

SÁNCHEZ LÓPEZ, LUNA; ROPERO DE TORRES, NOELIA; CHICO, BELÉN; FAGALI, NATALIA S.; DE LOS RÍOS, VIVIAN; ESCUDERO, MARÍA LORENZA; GARCÍA-ALONSO, MARÍA CRISTINA; LOZANO PUERTO, ROSA M

Metals

MDPI

Lugar: Basel; Año: 2023 vol. 13

2075-4701

The presence of a worn surface in the implanted material, as is in the case of a replacement of a damaged osteoarticular joint, is the normal condition after the implantation. This manuscript focuses precisely on the comparative study of the cellular behavior to worn CoCr surfaces ana-lyzing the effect of different surface modifications on macrophages response. CoCr surfaces were modified by deposition of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (CoCrErGO) fol-lowed by additional surface functionalization with hyaluronic acid (CoCrErGOHA). After wear-corrosion processes the macrophage response was studied. In addition, macrophages su-pernatants exposed to the surfaces, before and after wear, were also evaluated by osteoblasts re-sponse through the analysis of the metabolic activity, the plasma membrane damage and phos-phatase alkaline activity (ALP). The proteomic analysis and the quantitative TNF-α/IL-10 ratios of the J774A.1 macrophages exposed to surfaces under study, showed a polarization shift from M0 (basal state) to M1, associated with the pro-inflammatory response of all surfaces. A lower M1 polarization was observed upon exposure to the surface modification with ErGO, whereas posterior HA functionalization attenuated even more the M1 polarization. The wear-corrosion process contributed to inflammation and exacerbated M1 polarization response on macrophages to CoCr, being diminished for the ErGO and attenuated the most for the ErGOHA surfaces. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of the pathways related to M1 polari-zation on CoCrErGOHA surfaces, suggesting mechanisms for the observed attenuation of M1 polarization. The suitable immuno-modulatory potential induced by the ErGOHA surface, with and without wear, together with the stimulation of the ALP activity in osteoblasts induced by macrophages supernatants, promoting the mineralization processes necessary for bone repair, make it feasible to consider the adsorption of ErGOHA on CoCr as a recommended surface treatment for the use of biomaterials for osseous joint applications