INVESTIGADORES
KOWALEWSKI Miguel Martin
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
The effects of travel costs on group size: A phylogenetic approach
Autor/es:
KOWALEWSKI, M MARTIN; BLOMQUIST, GREGORY E; URBANI, BERNARDO
Lugar:
Chicago, IL, USA
Reunión:
Congreso; The 78th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists; 2009
Institución organizadora:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Resumen:
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Evolutionary models of primate social organization emphasize
balancing the benefits and costs of group living, often through enjoying
predator avoidance while suffering increased feeding competition. As groups increase
in size they may respond by spending greater time and energy increasing their
day range traveling to additional feeding sites in order to maintain sufficient
nutrient intake. We used published data for approximately 100 primate species
to investigate the relationship between group size and day range while
controlling for the confounding effects of body size and phylogenetic
non-independence among species data points. In addition, we explored average
values for the ecological cost of transport (ECT), a measure derived from body
mass and day range observations that indexes the percentage of daily energy
expenditure devoted to travel. Multiple regression analysis identifies group
size as a strong positive determinant of day range, and thus ECT, independently
of body mass. This interspecific trend is strong in both the species values and
phylogenetically independent contrasts. Regardless of body size, primate
species living in larger social groups tend to have larger day ranges. Species
residuals from the multiple regression help identify dietary correlates of day
range that are corroborated by the contrast residuals implicating dietary grade
shifts among primate groups. While day range and ECT are related to group size,
values for ECT are quite low (median 1.45%), suggesting that the burden imposed
by increased travel costs in primate groups, independently of their sizes, may
be relatively minor.