The structure, molecular dynamics, and energetics of centrin-melittin complex.

SOSA LDEL, V.; ALFARO, E; SANTIAGO J; NARVAEZ D; ROSADO MC; RODRIGUEZ A; GOMEZ AM; SCHREITER ER; PASTRANA RIOS B

PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND GENETICS

WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC

Año: 2011 vol. 79 p. 3132 - 3143

0887-3585

Centrin is a calcium binding protein (CaBP) belonging to the EF-hand superfamily. As with other proteins within this family, centrin is a calcium sensor with multiple biological target proteins. We chose to study Chlamydomonas reinhardtii centrin (Crcen) and its interaction with melittin (MLT) as a model for CaBP complexes due to its amphipathic properties. Our goal was to determine the molecular interactions that lead to centrin-MLT complex formation, their relative stability, and the conformational changes associated with the interaction, when compared to the single components. For this, we determined the thermodynamic parameters that define Crcen-MLT complex formation. Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation spectroscopy were used to study the amide I´, I´*, and side chain bands for (13)C-Crcen, MLT, and the (13)C-Crcen-MLT complex. This approach resulted in the determination of MLT´s increased helicity, while centrin was stabilized within the complex. Herein we provide the first complete molecular description of centrin-MLT complex formation and the dissociation process. Also, discussed is the first structure of a CaBP-MLT complex by X-ray crystallography, which shows that MLT has a different binding orientation than previously characterized centrin-bound peptides. Finally, all of the experimental results presented herein are consistent with centrin maintaining an extended conformation while interacting with MLT. The molecular implications of these results are: (1) the recognition of hydrophobic contacts as requirements for initial binding, (2) minimum electrostatic interactions within the C-terminal end of the peptide, and (3) van der Waals interactions within MLTs N-terminal end are required for complex formation.