Rendimiento comparado de maíz y sorgo en ambientes contrastantes

GONZALO PARRA; BRENDA L. GAMBÍN

Pergamino

Congreso; XI Congreso Nacional de Maíz; 2018

IANBA, INTA, UNNOBA

Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) are the two most important summer cereals in Argentina. Sorghum is usually destined to poor environments due to its known resistance to different types of stresses, but the contrasting breeding investment between these species questions the comparative advantage of sorghum relative to maize under particular environments. Growing both species under the same conditions will provide evidence of the current yield difference between crops, the impact of different management practices and useful information to farmers. Field experiments were located at Zavalla, Argentina for two seasons. Two commercial hybrids of each species (DK7210 and AX7822 for maize and ADV314 and DK64 for sorghum) were grown under three sowing dates (October, November and December) and three nitrogen fertilization rates (0 kg N ha-1, 100 kg N ha-1 and 200 kg N ha-1). Maize yield ranged from 7108 a 12716 kg ha-1 across environments. Under these growing conditions, maize was always superior by ca. 700 to 5500 kg ha-1, being the differences higher under increasing levels of maize yield. The impact of different management practices was different between species. Nitrogen fertilization and genotype selection were relevant on maize, while sowing date was critical in sorghum.