Amaryllidaceae (Habranthus and Hippeastrum species) from Argentina

JULIO DAVIÑA; ANALÍA GIANINI AQUINO; ORLANDO RODRIGUEZ; ANA HONFI

TAXON

INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY

Lugar: Viena; Año: 2022 vol. 71

0040-0262

AMARYLLIDACEAEAmaryllidaceae family comprise 860 species and 59 genera with mainly tropical distribution (Meerow & Snijman, 1998) with the characteristics of ornamental plants. The Hippeastreae tribe has a major center of diversification in central Chile and western Andean Argentina and a second center in eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Meerow & Snijman, 1998; Arroyo-Leuenberger & Dutilh, 2008). In this work, the populations of Habranthus and Hippeastrum species from Argentina were cytogenetically studied. Habranthus brachyandrus (Baker) Sealy 2n = 4x = 24, CHN Argentina, Misiones Province, Capital Department, Posadas, 27°21′S, 55°53′W, 27 Mar 2017, OR 2, (MNES); Posadas, 25°22′S, 55°53′W, 08 Jan 2017, OR 3, (MNES); Posadas, 25°22′S, 55°53′W, 08, Jan 2017, OR 4, (MNES); Posadas, 27°37′S, 55°89′W, 10 Jan 2017, OR 7, (MNES); Iguazú Department, 25°36′S, 54°34′W, 19 Apr 2017, OR 5, (MNES). [Fig. 1A].This genus has several basic numbers x = 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (Schnack & Covas, 1947, Coe, 1954; Darlington & Wylie, 1955; Naranjo, 1969, 1974). The basic chromosome number x = 6 is the most frequent and has the greatest amount of polyploids and aneuploids. In the different provenances of H. brachyandrus analyzed, our count is in agreement with previous reports (Flory & Flagg, 1958; Daviña & Honfi, 2018). Hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) H. E. Moore. 2n = 2x = 22, CHN Argentina, Misiones Province, Capital Department, Posadas, 27°37′S, 55°89′W, 21 Apr 2017, OR 1,3 (MNES); Obera Department, 27°73′S, 54°91′W, 07 Apr 2017, OR 14, (MNES); [Figs. 1B]. 2n = 5x = 55; Argentina, Buenos Aires Province, Capital Department, 34°59′S, 58°39′W, 02 Feb 2017, OR 8, (MNES). Misiones Province, Candelaria Department, 27°21′S, 55°36′W, 14 Apr 2007, H 1311, (MNES); 27°22′S, 55°39′W, 03 May 2014, H 1712, (MNES); 27°21′S, 55°36′W, 08 Nov 2015, H 2104A, (MNES); 27°22′S, 55°39′W, 30 Apr 2015, H 2046, (MNES); Capital Department, Posadas, 27°37′S, 55°89′W, 10 Jan 2017, OR 6, (MNES); 27°22′S, 55°53′W, 02 Feb 2017, OR 11, (MNES); 27°22′S, 55°53′W, 07 Abr 2017, OR12, (MNES); 27°37′S, 55°09′W, 29 Sep 2018, OR 15, (MNES); 27°37′S, 55°89′W, 29 Sep 2018, OR 16, (MNES); 27°22′S, 55°53′W, 29 Sep 2018, OR 17, (MNES); 27°36′S, 55°88′W, 29 Sep 2018, OR 18, (MNES); 27°39′S, 55°89′W, 07 Oct 2018, OR 19, (MNES); Oberá Department, 27°29′S, 55°08′W, 21 Nov 2006, D 609, (MNES). [Figs. 1C]. In mitosis, 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes were observed in two accessions, while in the other accessions, the study of mitotic chromosomes indicated that belong to a new pentaploid cytotype for the species, with 2n= 5x = 55 chromosomes. This cytotype of H. striatum is a new polyploid for the genus.The Hippeastrum species present a great karyotypic stability and a low occurrence of polyploidy (Naranjo & Andrada, 1975; Meerow, 1984). The chromosomes of the new pentaploid cytotype agree with the basic chromosome number x = 11 for the genus (Inariyama 1937; Sato, 1938; Goldblatt, 1976). The chromosome counts made in these species from different accessions contributes to the cytogeographic location of the populations, as well as, to the incorporation of new genotypes to the ex situ germplasm bank for future uses in genetic improvement of ornamental bulb plants.