INVESTIGADORES
CAZENAVE Jimena
artículos
Título:
Changes in the swimming activity and the glutathione S-transferase activity of Jenynsia multidentata fed with Microcystin-RR
Autor/es:
CAZENAVE, J., NORES, M.L, MICELI, M., DÍAZ, M.P., WUNDERLIN, D.A., BISTONI, M.A.
Revista:
WATER RESEARCH
Editorial:
Elsevier
Referencias:
Año: 2008 vol. 42 p. 1299 - 1307
ISSN:
0043-1354
Resumen:
We report the effects of sublethal doses of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) on the swimming
activity of Jenynsia multidentata as well as the simultaneous response of its detoxication
system by measuring glutathion S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver and brain of fish.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
system by measuring glutathion S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver and brain of fish.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
Jenynsia multidentata as well as the simultaneous response of its detoxication
system by measuring glutathion S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver and brain of fish.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver and brain of fish.
MC-RR was applied on the food pellets at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.
mgg1. Swimming
activity was recorded 10min each hour over 24 h by using a computer-based image
processing system, which facilitates quantification of two measures of fish swimming
behaviour (average velocity, movement percentage). Results show that low levels of
cyanotoxin increased the swimming activity, while the highest dose used produced
significant changes with respect to control group only since approximately 20h of
exposure, when the swimming activity was decreased. On the other hand, GST
activity was significantly increased only in the liver and brain of fish fed with the highest
MC-RR dose.
Both results suggest that fish are reacting to the stress caused by low doses of MC-RR by
increasing their swimming activity, raising further questions on the probable neurotoxicity
of MCs, and presenting the behavioural change as a good biomarker of early toxic stress. On
the other hand, fish reduced their swimming speed at the highest MC-RR dose, when the
detoxication activity began, which can be hypothesized to be a reallocation of their energy,
favouring detoxication over swimming activity.