Análisis filogenético de Xenartros (Mammalia), basados en elementos óseos del aparato hioides. Aspectos sobre la monofilia de gliptodóntidos

ZAMORANO M.

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PALEONTOLOGIA

SOC BRASILEIRA PALEONTOLOGIA

Lugar: Porto Alegre; Año: 2018

1519-7530

The morphology and disposition of the bone elements of the hyoid apparatus preserved in fossil mammals allow us to elaborate hypotheses about how the language participates in obtaining, processing and swallowing the food. Traditionally, in the phylogenetic analyzes of xenarthra, dental, skeletal and molecular characters have been used. In this case, an analysis was performed using exclusively hyoid apparatus characters. The possible importance of these characters in the phylogeny of xenarthros is discussed here. A second analysis is carried out, forcing the monophyly of the large traditional xenarthra groups. We also review aspects of the monophyly of glyptodontids. A matrix of 15 taxa and 30 characters of the hyoid apparatus was constructed, 9 modified from the existing literature and 21 constitute an original contribution. The analyses were carried out with the TNT program, through an exhaustive search. In the first analysis, a maximum parsimony tree was obtained (L = 60), (CI = 0.75), (IR = 0.87), from which the Bremer and Bootstrap support values were calculated. In this first analysis, all xenarthrans are recovered as a natural group. However, despite considering the monophyly of the glyptodontids there are some discrepancies in the relationships of large groups of xenarthrans. In the second analysis, by forcing monophylls, a maximum parsimony tree was obtained (L = 77), (CI = 0.58), (IR = 0.72). Glyptodontidae is the only natural group with taxonomic status present in both analyses, it is also the clade of Xenarthra with closer phylogenetic linkage and greater reliability.