Viral hepatitis update: progress and perspectives

M PISANO; C GIADANS; D FLICHMAN; V RÉ; MVPRECIADO; P VALVA

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

W J G PRESS

Lugar: Beijing; Año: 2021

1007-9327

Viral hepatitis, secondary to infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, area major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years, there are still pointsof conflict concerning the pathogenesis, immune response, development of newand more effective vaccines, therapies, and treatment. This review focuses on themost important research topics that deal with issues that are currently beingsolved, those that remain to be solved, and future research directions. Forhepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology, molecular surveillance, newsusceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections. In the caseof hepatitis B virus, we will discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis,therapy, and vaccine improvement. On hepatitis C virus, we will focus onpathogenesis, immune response, direct action antivirals treatment in the contextof solid organ transplantation, issues related to hepatocellular carcinomadevelopment, direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistanceassociated variants, and vaccination. Regarding hepatitis D virus, we describediagnostic methodology, pathogenesis, and therapy. Finally, for hepatitis E virus,we will address epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis,clinical aspects, treatment, the development of a vaccine, and environmentalsurveillance.