INVESTIGADORES
MALANGA Gabriela Fabiana
artículos
Título:
Reproduction and oxidative metabolism in the brooding sea star Anasterias antarctica (Lütken, 1957)
Autor/es:
A. F. PÉREZ; C. C. BOY; CALCAGNO J; G. MALANGA
Revista:
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Editorial:
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Referencias:
Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2015 vol. 463 p. 150 - 157
ISSN:
0022-0981
Resumen:
The oral-brooding sea star Anasterias antarctica is distributed on the coasts of South Patagonia and north of
Antarctic Peninsula. This species is a potential predator of shellfish Mytilus chilensis, an important commercial resource
for Beagle Channel region. The aims of this work were to study the variation in the gonad index (GI), to
establish the brooding season, to determine the reproductive effort of both sexes, and to assess the concentration
of liposoluble antioxidants and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male and female gonads and embryos
of A. antarctica during the year. Four samplingswere performed: three during the brooding season and one
during the non-brooding season. Individuals sampled during the brooding season were assigned to one of the
three groups: brooding females, non-brooding females, and males. Individuals sampled during the nonbrooding
seasonwere assigned to one of the three groups: sexuallymature females, sexually non-mature females
and males.
Histological observations allowed determining that only females incubate the embryos on the oral surface for
seven months. Males showed a strategy characteristic of broadcast spawners, whereas females spawned only a
small number of eggs, as it is characteristic of brooders and as observed in other species of asteroids. Males
show a significant increase in GI before spawning (from 1% to 15%) and then a marked decrease. During gametogenesis,
testes showed a low level of β-carotene and high production of ROS. Between May and October;
brooding and non-brooding females showed similar values of ROS production and concentration of antioxidants.
Mature females had a significantly higher GI and lipid soluble antioxidant concentration than non-mature females.
ROS production was higher in non-mature females. In A. antarctica embryos, ROS production increased
and liposoluble antioxidant defenses decreased along development. The reproductive effort of males was
about 25% lower than that of females, probably because of brooding costs. Gonadal maturation occurred in summer
in both sexes, in concordance with an increase in the concentration of liposoluble antioxidants and the minimum
values of ROS production. This suggests a strategy of oxidative damage prevention and gamete protection
through allocation of antioxidants to mature gonads. The β-carotene and α-tocopherol accumulation in ovaries
would protect not only maturing oocytes but also embryos, given that these antioxidants would be transferred
to eggs. Along the reproductive cycle, A. antarctica gonads are protected from oxidative processes, mainly
by β-carotene. Further, during gonad maturation, protection increases with the increase in α-tocopherol concentration
and the decrease in ROS, whose highest and lowest values coincide with maximum gonadal
maturation.