Use of Ultrasound in the Synthesis of Heterocycles of Medicinal Interest

MARÍA A. SCHIEL; ALICIA B. CHOPA; GUSTAVO SILBESRI; MÓNICA B. ALVAREZ; ADRIANA G. LISTA; CLAUDIA E. DOMINI

GREEN SYNTHETIC APPROACHES FOR BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT HETEROCYCLES

Elsevier

Año: 2015; p. 571 - 602

Heterocycles constitute one of the largest research areas in organic chemistry. They have contributed a lot not only to the development of biological and industrial points of view, but also to the understanding of life processes and the efforts to improve the quality of human life. These compounds are able to get involved in an extraordinarily wide range of reaction types. Depending on the pH of the medium, they may behave as acids or bases, forming anions or cations. Some of them interact with electrophilic reagents, others with nucleophiles, and others with both. The abil-ity of many heterocycles to produce stable complexes with metal ions has great biochemical significance. There are a large number of synthetic heterocyclic compounds with important therapeutic uses as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-mycobacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, herbicidal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, anticonvulsant, antide-pressant, anthelmintic, and insecticidal agents. Also, many synthetic heterocyclic compounds have other significant applications such as fungicides, herbicides, anticorrosive agents, and agrochemicals [1]; it is also important to men-tion herein that medicinal chemistry has been benefited by combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput parallel synthesis. Nowadays, the use of sonochemistry under controlled conditions has been proved beneficial for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery process since it dramatically reduces reaction times, from days or hours to minutes, provides higher yields, lower cost, and easy workup when it is compared with the conventional thermal methods [2].